Perpendicular switching of polarization in layered ferroelectrics

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10839-3Perpendicular switching of the polarization state in the layered ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 is demonstrated by means of trilinear coupling, allowing manipulation of the in-plane polarization component with an out-of-plane electric field.